Which of the following best describes the role of bonds?

Bonds represent a method of borrowing funds where an organization, such as a corporation or government, issues a bond to raise capital. When investors purchase bonds, they are effectively lending money to the issuer in exchange for periodic interest payments and the return of the bond's face value upon maturity. This structure exemplifies debt financing, as it does not provide any ownership stake in the issuing organization but rather creates an obligation for the issuer to repay the borrowed funds.

The other options point to different financial concepts. Ownership in startup companies refers to equity financing, where investors take on risk in exchange for equity, or shares, which is entirely distinct from bonds. Similarly, debt financing refers to borrowing funds, of which bonds are a significant component, as opposed to equity financing which pertains to raising capital by offering shares. Short-term investments for quick gains typically involve instruments like stocks or options rather than bonds, which are generally considered long-term securities with a fixed interest payout over time. Thus, the correct choice clearly outlines the fundamental nature and purpose of bonds in the finance landscape.